Research methods and statistics: What makes psychology believable?

Abstract

Chapter 2 describes the five steps of the scientific method used to generate and refine the existing body of knowledge in psychology. It covers the most common methods of psychological research including naturalistic observations, case studies, surveys, correlational studies, and experiments. The chapter also discusses the use of descriptive and inferential statistics to make sense of data. In particular, it is mentioned that when interpreting research reports and findings in the media, discretion must be exercised by considering the source of data. In reviewing research and statistical methods, attention is called to the replication crisis and problematic research practices, which will greatly threaten the credibility of psychological science. The chapter then proceeds to discuss the importance of realizing the differences between the holistic worldview held by Asians and the dichotomous worldview embraced in the West, as these differences have considerable impact on the choice of method of inquiry. The chapter ends with a deliberation of ethical issues and principles in psychological research.