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戴震「橫被四表」說的學理探討
Author(s)
Date Issued
2019
Journal
ISBN
9787100198530
Citation
民俗典籍文字研究, 2019, vol. 24.
Type
Peer Reviewed Journal Article
Abstract
尚書堯典:光被四表,格於上下.鄭玄解為堯德光耀及四海之外,至於天地”,孔傳作“光,充也”.戴震發現孔傳與孫炎本爾雅相合,綜合諸方證據,遂提出堯典古本必有作橫被四表者之理必絕唱,謂橫被即廣被,光乃橫字之訛.戴震雖明光橫廣諸字同源通用之義,但根據上下語境,其用字形訥誤之說,旨在區分“光被”“橫被”實為二詞,故“同源通用義”不能取代“具體語境義”,並藉此提出漢代有作光被版本存在之可能.與其相比,錢大昕不承認光被版本之正當性,而王引之則用同源通義取代異詞之別義,皆有失當.
A line in the Yao Dian reads:“Guang pi sibiao,ge yu shangxia.”Zheng Xuan interpreted it as“the saintly virtue of Emperor Yao is shining as brightly as the sunlight over the four seas,up to above and below the land and heaven”.In Kong Anguo's commentary,it states that“guang 'light'is fulfilling”.Having first noted the resemblance between Kong's explanatory note and Sun Yan's edition of Erya,Dai Zhen came to propose that in the old version of the YaoDian,it must have included the line“Heng pi sibiao”.In other words,“Heng pi”corresponds to “Guang pi”,and it means “to spread all over the places”,and “guang”is a corrupted form of “heng”.It turned into some two research pathways.The first one states that guang ('light'),heng,and guang('broad')are interlinked in sounds and meaning and so there was no need for the change of characters.The other recognizes that there were two different meanings and pronouncations.Although Dai realized the cognate meaning between guang and heng,he insisted on a two-words-analysis which is more appropriate for specific meaning requested in a specificcontext.ItisfurthershownthatQianDaxin is failed to recognize guang pi to be a different addition of classical texts while Wang Yinzhi improperly uses cognate meaning to connect different words among guang and heng.
A line in the Yao Dian reads:“Guang pi sibiao,ge yu shangxia.”Zheng Xuan interpreted it as“the saintly virtue of Emperor Yao is shining as brightly as the sunlight over the four seas,up to above and below the land and heaven”.In Kong Anguo's commentary,it states that“guang 'light'is fulfilling”.Having first noted the resemblance between Kong's explanatory note and Sun Yan's edition of Erya,Dai Zhen came to propose that in the old version of the YaoDian,it must have included the line“Heng pi sibiao”.In other words,“Heng pi”corresponds to “Guang pi”,and it means “to spread all over the places”,and “guang”is a corrupted form of “heng”.It turned into some two research pathways.The first one states that guang ('light'),heng,and guang('broad')are interlinked in sounds and meaning and so there was no need for the change of characters.The other recognizes that there were two different meanings and pronouncations.Although Dai realized the cognate meaning between guang and heng,he insisted on a two-words-analysis which is more appropriate for specific meaning requested in a specificcontext.ItisfurthershownthatQianDaxin is failed to recognize guang pi to be a different addition of classical texts while Wang Yinzhi improperly uses cognate meaning to connect different words among guang and heng.
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