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從“慕雅女雅集苦吟詩”析《紅樓夢》作者的詩學觀
Author(s)
Date Issued
2019
ISSN
2821-3580
2289-232X
Citation
馬大華人文學與文化學刊, Dec 2019, vol. 7(2), pp. 1-16.
Description
Online access
Type
Peer Reviewed Journal Article
Abstract
红楼梦第四十八回“滥情人情误思游艺慕雅女雅集苦吟诗”，书写香菱向黛玉求教作诗之要诀。黛玉对香菱的指导及香菱学习赋诗的过程，实属作者对于诗学、诗歌创作、学诗心态与所达致的境界等各方面的心得体会。笔者把《红楼梦》作者的诗学观归纳为六项，包括一）学格律不难，难在意趣盎然；二）工夫须从上做下，不可从下做上；三）熟读王摩诘五律，领略“景外之景”“点铁成金”之妙；四）熟读杜甫七律，实践“点铁成金”之法；五）以“学着玩”的心态勤学苦吟；六）历尽三境界，佳句终在“灯火阑珊处”。本文将通过细读《红楼梦》文本，参照（唐）司空图、（宋）严羽、（宋）刘攽、（清）王夫之、（宋）黄庭坚、王国维等历代文学批评家所论，分析《红楼梦》作者的诗学观与历代诗论之相通处，以助学者对《红楼梦》诗风之渊源、形成与发展展开进一步研究，并供学诗者及诗人参详斟酌。
The Dream of the Red Chamber Chapter 48 “A Rebuffed Reprobate decides on a journey; An Aspiring Maid racks her brain to write poetry” wrote about Xiangling asked Daiyu to teach her the skills and techniques of writing poems. Daiyu's guidance to Xiangling and the process of Xiangling learnt to write poems were the experience that the authors gained from the aspects of poetry learning, creating poems, the attitude and the realms reached of learning poetry. I will conclude the authors’ views of poetry into six points: 1) It is not difficult to learn the rules of prosody, but it is hard to create new and abundant interests and charms in the poems; 2) put efforts to learn poetry from the top, but not from the bottom; 3) to read and familiar with Wang Wei’s pentasyllabic poems, get to realize the beauty of creating “the scene beyond a scene” and the method of using “Midas touch” in the poems; 4) to read and familiar with Du Fu’s regulated verse heptasyllabics and put the skills of using “Midas touch” into practice; 5) use “playbased learning” attitude to learn poetry; 6) to reach the three different realms of poetry, the best line of the poem appears in a simple single line. In this essay, I will read the texts of The Dream of the Red Chamber and the arguments pointed out by the past literary critics including (Tang Dynasty) Sihong Tu, (Song Dynasty) Yan Yu, (Song Dynasty) Liu Ban, (Qing Dynasty) Wang Fuzhi, (Song Dynasty) Huang Tingjian, Wang Guowei as references to analyze the similarities of the authors' views of poetry and the discussions of poetry in the past dynasties, helping the other scholars to develop further studies on the origins, formations and development of the style of poems in The Dream of the Red Chamber, and let the other poetry learners and poets read and discuss.
The Dream of the Red Chamber Chapter 48 “A Rebuffed Reprobate decides on a journey; An Aspiring Maid racks her brain to write poetry” wrote about Xiangling asked Daiyu to teach her the skills and techniques of writing poems. Daiyu's guidance to Xiangling and the process of Xiangling learnt to write poems were the experience that the authors gained from the aspects of poetry learning, creating poems, the attitude and the realms reached of learning poetry. I will conclude the authors’ views of poetry into six points: 1) It is not difficult to learn the rules of prosody, but it is hard to create new and abundant interests and charms in the poems; 2) put efforts to learn poetry from the top, but not from the bottom; 3) to read and familiar with Wang Wei’s pentasyllabic poems, get to realize the beauty of creating “the scene beyond a scene” and the method of using “Midas touch” in the poems; 4) to read and familiar with Du Fu’s regulated verse heptasyllabics and put the skills of using “Midas touch” into practice; 5) use “playbased learning” attitude to learn poetry; 6) to reach the three different realms of poetry, the best line of the poem appears in a simple single line. In this essay, I will read the texts of The Dream of the Red Chamber and the arguments pointed out by the past literary critics including (Tang Dynasty) Sihong Tu, (Song Dynasty) Yan Yu, (Song Dynasty) Liu Ban, (Qing Dynasty) Wang Fuzhi, (Song Dynasty) Huang Tingjian, Wang Guowei as references to analyze the similarities of the authors' views of poetry and the discussions of poetry in the past dynasties, helping the other scholars to develop further studies on the origins, formations and development of the style of poems in The Dream of the Red Chamber, and let the other poetry learners and poets read and discuss.
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