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漢語聽寫困難兒童一般視覺整體與部分加工特點
Date Issued
2016
ISSN
1005-3611
Citation
中國臨床心理學雜誌, 2016年, 第2期, 第200-203,297頁.
Type
Peer Reviewed Journal Article
Abstract
目的:研究漢語聽寫困難兒童在處理一般圖形時視覺的整體和部分加工特徵.方法:從三四五年級的兒童中,篩選出聽寫困難兒童22名,同時選擇年齡智力水平相當的對照組兒童24名.實驗1採用形狀變化探測任務,以由小圖形構成的大圖形為視覺材料(所有大小圖形均為三角形圓形方形或菱形四種形狀),要求被試在大圖形發生整體變化部分變化兩種條件下作出判斷,記錄正確率和反應時;實驗2採用整體部分同時加工任務,以與實驗1類似的視覺材料作為刺激(區別在於所有大圖形由與之形狀不同的一種小圖形構成),要求被試判斷大小圖形中是否包含圓形和三角形,記錄被試在整體判斷和部分判斷兩種條件下的正確率和反應時.結果:在實驗1中,整體變化條件下,聽寫困難組的正確率和反應時均落後於對照組兒童,部分變化條件下兩組被試的差異不具有統計學意義;在實驗2中,整體判斷條件下,聽寫困難組的正確率和反應時顯著低於對照組,部分判斷條件下,兩組被試的差異無統計學意義.結論:聽寫困難兒童在一般視覺材料的處理中表現出整體加工落後部分加工良好的特點,這與聽寫困難兒童在漢字學習過程中傾向於一筆一劃地書寫無法寫出完整字形的表現相符合.
Objective: To study characteristics of global and local processing of visual information in children with Chi-nese dictation difficulties. Methods: 22 children with dictation difficulties were selected from a primary school, and 24 healthy controls were recruited with matched age and intelligence. In experiment 1, change detection paradigm was ap-plied. Big shapes composed of small shapes were used as visual stimuli(all of the big and small shapes were triangle, round,square and diamond). Participants were instructed to judge if the big shapes were globally or locally changed. In experiment2, global and local processing feature paradigm was applied. Visual stimuli were similar to the experiment 1(difference wasthat all the big shapes and their composing small shapes were of shapes). Participants were instructed to judge if the stimu-lus has a round and triangle shape. Accuracy and reaction time were recorded. Results: In experiment 1, under globally-changed condition, accuracy and reaction time in children with dictation difficulties were significantly poorer than normalchildren. In experiment 2, accuracy and reaction time in children with dictation difficulties were significantly lower thannormal children under globally-judged condition. Conclusion: Children with dictation difficulties domonstrate impairedability in global processing of visual informations, but remains intact in local processing. This result concords with the phe-nomenon that children with dictation difficulties always write by stokes but hardly compose a whole character.
Objective: To study characteristics of global and local processing of visual information in children with Chi-nese dictation difficulties. Methods: 22 children with dictation difficulties were selected from a primary school, and 24 healthy controls were recruited with matched age and intelligence. In experiment 1, change detection paradigm was ap-plied. Big shapes composed of small shapes were used as visual stimuli(all of the big and small shapes were triangle, round,square and diamond). Participants were instructed to judge if the big shapes were globally or locally changed. In experiment2, global and local processing feature paradigm was applied. Visual stimuli were similar to the experiment 1(difference wasthat all the big shapes and their composing small shapes were of shapes). Participants were instructed to judge if the stimu-lus has a round and triangle shape. Accuracy and reaction time were recorded. Results: In experiment 1, under globally-changed condition, accuracy and reaction time in children with dictation difficulties were significantly poorer than normalchildren. In experiment 2, accuracy and reaction time in children with dictation difficulties were significantly lower thannormal children under globally-judged condition. Conclusion: Children with dictation difficulties domonstrate impairedability in global processing of visual informations, but remains intact in local processing. This result concords with the phe-nomenon that children with dictation difficulties always write by stokes but hardly compose a whole character.
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