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論漢語"見"的語法化現象
Author(s)
Date Issued
2014
Journal
ISSN
2330-1716
2330-1708
Citation
现代语言学, 2014, 2(1): 1-6.
Type
Peer Reviewed Journal Article
Abstract
Croft(1990)[1]指出語法化中伴隨著一種去語義化(desemanticization)現象,即某一語言形式在進行語法化的同時,其語意會虛化甚至消失(loss of meaning).例如英文的be going to1原本是具有實在的語義(即“某人正在去某地”),但進行語法化後語義變虛,已不再表達動作“去”,取而代之的是文法意義,在句子中作為將來式標記.然而,光談“語義虛化”,未免略嫌空泛.如何觀察語義的演變?又如何可以客觀地描述呢?本文以漢語“見”的三個語法化路徑為例,採用“語義分析法”以觀察一個語言形式的語意是如何演變和虛化.本文提出四項論點:1) 見在先秦時期進行語法化而演變成被動標記;2) 見亦於唐初時期透過第二次語法化而成為結果補語;3) 現代漢語中見開始進行第三次語法化:由動詞虛化成連接從屬關係的連接詞(subordinative conjunction);4) 以“見”的三次語法化為例,論述語義分析法如何有助於我們對語法化過程有更進一步的了解.
Croft (1990) argues that desemanticization, in which a linguistic element losses its lexical meaning, is an associate phenomenon of grammaticalization. For example, the expression “be going to” in English was once having a concrete lexical meaning (that somebody is travelling to somewhere). After undergoing the process of grammaticalization, it lost the lexical meaning “to go” and acquired a grammatical meaning (i.e.: a future-tense marker). However, the argument of “losses of meaning” is quite vague. How can we observe the changes of meaning? How can we describe the changes of meaning in an objective manner? This article, through studying the grammaticalization of Jian in Chinese, intends to apply “semantic analysis” to observe how the meanings of a linguistic forms change. There are four arguments proposed by this article: 1) Jian was grammaticalized into a passive marker in pre-Qin; 2) Jian was grammaticalized into a resultative complement in Tang; 3) Jian is undergoing the third grammaticalization path and acquiring the function of a subordinative conjunction; 4) Through studying the three grammaticalization paths of Jian, we argue that “semantic analysis” can help us to understand more about grammaticalization.
Croft (1990) argues that desemanticization, in which a linguistic element losses its lexical meaning, is an associate phenomenon of grammaticalization. For example, the expression “be going to” in English was once having a concrete lexical meaning (that somebody is travelling to somewhere). After undergoing the process of grammaticalization, it lost the lexical meaning “to go” and acquired a grammatical meaning (i.e.: a future-tense marker). However, the argument of “losses of meaning” is quite vague. How can we observe the changes of meaning? How can we describe the changes of meaning in an objective manner? This article, through studying the grammaticalization of Jian in Chinese, intends to apply “semantic analysis” to observe how the meanings of a linguistic forms change. There are four arguments proposed by this article: 1) Jian was grammaticalized into a passive marker in pre-Qin; 2) Jian was grammaticalized into a resultative complement in Tang; 3) Jian is undergoing the third grammaticalization path and acquiring the function of a subordinative conjunction; 4) Through studying the three grammaticalization paths of Jian, we argue that “semantic analysis” can help us to understand more about grammaticalization.
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