Vocal emotion perception in Mandarin-speaking older adults with hearing loss

Abstract

Challenges in the ability of older adults to comprehend vocal emotion have been documented. However, limited research has investigated the combined effects of aging and age-related hearing loss. The present study aimed to bridge this research gap by comparing the performance of three participant groups (younger adults with normal hearing, older adults with hearing loss, and older adults without hearing loss) in identification of “happy” and “sad” emotions via prosodic and semantic channels. We conducted regression models to investigate the relationship between age, hearing threshold, cognitive abilities and overall emotion perception performance. Results of emotion identification accuracy demonstrated that older adults with hearing loss performed worse than other two normal hearing groups in both channels. Additionally, only older adults with hearing loss showed lower accuracy in the emotional prosody than semantics, indicating only this group is influenced by channel. As for response time, both older listener groups responded more slowly than younger listeners in both channels. They also exhibited faster responses to “happy” compared to “sad”, supporting the positivity effect on emotion perception in older participants. Moreover, the regression models indicated that age, hearing threshold and working memory (measured by Digit Span test) were predictive of participants' overall identification accuracy, and selective attention (measured by Stroop test) was predictive of participants’ overall reaction time. These findings suggest that the degraded emotion perception among older adults is attributed to complex underlying mechanisms, which can be reasonably explained by not only aging but also the decline in hearing sensitivity and cognitive functions.