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This study explores the use of evaluative language in online reviews of Holocaust memorial museums in China, focusing on the resistance against the Japanese invasion during World War II, as a significant aspect of dark tourism. From a linguistic perspective, we explore the attitudes expressed in these reviews using a systemic functional linguistics approach – specifically, an appraisal system focused on attitudinal meanings. Our analysis is based on 210,308 words from 1,530 online comments collected between 2012 and 2024 from reviews of five major war museums in China. We first identify 1,200 frequently used words and classified them into appraisal categories associated with museums and historical events. The results show a progression in visitors' responses from general to specific, from physical to spiritual, and from external to internal perspectives. Three dominant appraisal subcategories also emerged – negative affect (particularly related to unhappiness and insecurity), positive affect (related to inclination and happiness) and positive appreciation (primarily in terms of compositional balance) – along with recurring appraisal patterns. The study emphasizes the importance of memorial sites in promoting reflection and empathy for world peace. It provides valuable insights into museum management by examining attitudinal categories and understanding visitors' varied reactions to dark historical events.

《一念間》由5位輔導心理學家共同撰寫，他們以無比的專業與熱忱，深入探討了如何幫助不同年齡層﹑面對各種困難的自殺風險者。 本書記錄的10個案例，讓讀者親眼見證深刻的對話與轉變。同時提供專業分析，包括自殺行為的心理學理論框架﹑多層影響因素等，幫助大家更理解問題背後根源，從而深化自我認知，提升克服困難的力量。-- back cover

287 pages

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among perceived serendipity, social presence, and the habit of watching live streams by applying consumer value theory and flow theory. This study uses specific metrics to measure construct items and conducts an online survey through Google Forms using snowball sampling. A total of 1,061 samples with 453 valid samples of participants who have watched live stream videos within three months are collected. The research hypotheses are tested by partial least square structural equation modelling. Results reveal that perceived serendipity and social presence are important factors for enhancing consumer values and creating flow experience. Hedonic value, social value, and and flow have significant and positive effect on the habit of watching live streams. However, the effect of utilitarian value on this habit is not significant. Therefore, live streamers and live stream platform operators can design various elements to increase the penetration of live streaming. This improvement can help enhance viewers' perceived hedonic and social values and flow experience, which can influence their adoption of habitual watching behaviours. This study demonstrates the validity of prediction model for live streaming habits through consumer values and flow. Our study also provides useful insights by demonstrating the importance of serendipity and social presence in the live streaming context.

This study investigates the process by which restaurant diners generate electronic word of mouth (eWOM) intentions in their written reviews on consumer-generated media platforms, such as OpenRice.com, based on their consumption experiences and various motivations. It analyses four key attributes, namely, food quality, service quality, price fairness, and atmosphere, in relation to three motives: concern for other customers, expressing postitive feelings, and self-enhancement. A survey was conducted with 241 responents in Hong Kong. Then, the hypotheses were tested using partial least squares modelling. The findings reveal that service quality, atmosphere, and food quality are crucial predictors of eWOM motives with each attribute triggering at least two types of motivations. By contrast, price fairness is linked solely to concern for other customers. The study suggests that marketers, advertisers, and restaurant owners focus their resources on fostering these motivations.

INTRODUCTION: This article presents the findings of an exploratory international survey on supervisees' and supervisors' experiences of cyber-supervision during the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey aimed to establish a baseline of these experiences. METHODS: An online survey of 195 respondents was conducted. Demographic data and the supervisees' and supervisors' views were analysed descriptively. Spearman's Rho correlations were undertaken using IBM SPSS 28 to examine the associations between supervisees' and supervisors' ratings of their situation, views and experiences of cyber-supervision, and overall satisfaction and evaluation. FINDINGS: The results showed that the respondents' supervision changed to online supervision, with video conferencing as the primary method. The supervisees and supervisors shared similar views about online supervision. Items that indicated a constructive view of online supervision correlated positively with overall satisfaction and evaluation. In contrast, items less favourable of online supervision correlated negatively with overall satisfaction and evaluation. Overall, it was found that the attitudes and perspectives of supervisees and supervisors about online supervision were related to their overall satisfaction and evaluation. CONCLUSION: The practice implications for supervisees and supervisors using online supervision are that they discuss their attitudes and cultural perspectives about online supervision early in the relationship, particularly if they plan to use this medium regularly or in conjunction with face-to-face supervision. Further research is recommended on the influence and impact of supervisee and supervisor attitudes and cultural perspectives on online supervision.