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"張參"生平及《五經文字》流傳問題考辨
Date Issued
2018
ISSN
1008-7095
Citation
上海交通大學學報(哲學社會科學版),2018年,第3期,第26卷,總第121期,第99-108頁.
Type
Peer Reviewed Journal Article
Abstract
在漢字規範史上, 唐代張參的 五經文字 是里程碑式的官方文件,極具經學 史學 文獻學研究價值. 然而因史籍對 五經文字 作者張參記述過於簡略, 導致相關研究結論多有分歧. 文章根據 兩唐書 記載及唐代提到 "張參" 的文獻十六條, 逐條梳理後認為,國子司業張參大致生於唐睿宗朝 (７１０－７１２) 至 開 元 初 年, 重名者李勉幕府判官 "張參" 唐人詩文中 "張三" 均非 五經文字 作者張參. 文章還得出結論: 五經文字 成於眾手, 作者還應包括顏傳經等儒官; 是書收字量非序例 上自雲數字, 實為３２５０; 收字範圍十一經, 並無經;成書過程及流傳, 乃先由大曆張參硃批牆上顏傳經等整理書於論堂屋壁大和元年改刻木板九年鴕於開成石經之末乾符三年孫自牧以家本勘誤 明嘉靖乙卯地震損毀 清馬曰璐依宋拓雕版等,終致今並無完本.
There exist lots of disagreements in the study of Zhang Can, the author of Wujing Wenzi, on account of limitation of historical records. An analysis of the information in new Tangshu, old Tangshu, and other documents about Zhang Can, sixteen records in all, indicates that, Zhang, as Guozi-Siye, was born in the period from Ruizong to early Kaiyuan years (710-712). Neither the judge Zhang Can in governor Li Mian’s office, nor the Zhang San in the poems of the Tang Dynasty is the Zhang Can who wrote Wujing Wenzi. The analysis also suggests that, Wujing Wenzi was written by many people, such as Confucianist Yan Chuanjing and soon. The number of its entries was 3250, different from what was recorded in the preface. The source of entries is the Eleven Confucian Classics, except Xiao Jing and Meng Zi. The process and circulation is mainly as follows. Zhang Can checked and wrote Wujing Wenzi in red on the wall. Yan Chuanjing and other sassembled the characters. Then, Wujing Wenzi was written on the wall of Lun Tang in Guozijian (the Imperial College). Several decades later,it was inscribed on wooden board in the first year of Da He era, and then carved on the stone in the ninthy ear of Da He era. After that, Sun Zimu proofread the characters by referring to his ancestral edition. However, a big earthquake damaged the stones in Jiajing period in the Ming Dynasty. Finally, Ma Yuelu engraved the block based on the rubbings of the Song Dynasty. Now,no full version of Wujing Wenzi can be found.
There exist lots of disagreements in the study of Zhang Can, the author of Wujing Wenzi, on account of limitation of historical records. An analysis of the information in new Tangshu, old Tangshu, and other documents about Zhang Can, sixteen records in all, indicates that, Zhang, as Guozi-Siye, was born in the period from Ruizong to early Kaiyuan years (710-712). Neither the judge Zhang Can in governor Li Mian’s office, nor the Zhang San in the poems of the Tang Dynasty is the Zhang Can who wrote Wujing Wenzi. The analysis also suggests that, Wujing Wenzi was written by many people, such as Confucianist Yan Chuanjing and soon. The number of its entries was 3250, different from what was recorded in the preface. The source of entries is the Eleven Confucian Classics, except Xiao Jing and Meng Zi. The process and circulation is mainly as follows. Zhang Can checked and wrote Wujing Wenzi in red on the wall. Yan Chuanjing and other sassembled the characters. Then, Wujing Wenzi was written on the wall of Lun Tang in Guozijian (the Imperial College). Several decades later,it was inscribed on wooden board in the first year of Da He era, and then carved on the stone in the ninthy ear of Da He era. After that, Sun Zimu proofread the characters by referring to his ancestral edition. However, a big earthquake damaged the stones in Jiajing period in the Ming Dynasty. Finally, Ma Yuelu engraved the block based on the rubbings of the Song Dynasty. Now,no full version of Wujing Wenzi can be found.
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