Prof. LEUNG Kwong SakLam W.2023-03-312023-03-311988Computer, 1988, vol. 21 (9), pp. 43 - 56.0018-9162http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/7724The authors present a comprehensive expert-system building tool, called System Z-II, that can deal with exact, fuzzy (or inexact), and combined reasoning, allowing fuzzy and normal terms to be freely mixed in the rules and facts of an expert system. This fully implemented tool has been used to build several expert systems in the fields of student curriculum advisement, medical diagnosis, psychoanalysis, and risk analysis. System Z-II is a rule-based system that uses fuzzy logic and fuzzy numbers for its inexact reasoning. It uses two basic inexact concepts, fuzziness and uncertainty, which are distinct from each other in the system.enExpert SystemFuzzy ConceptNatural LanguageRisk AnalysisPsychoanalyticInference SystemKnowledge RepresentationFuzzy NumbersNormal TermUncertainty of KnowledgeKnowledge BaseReal NumbersObjective ValueSimilar ConceptsFuzzy LogicFuzzy SetHash FunctionProbability TheoryArithmetic OperationsFuzzy RelationManagement ModuleFuzzy DataFuzzy OperatorsObject NamingOR OperationLinguistic ValuesEvidence TheoryPart of RuleMembership GradesPeer Reviewed Journal Article10.1109/2.14346