Dr. CHIO Hin-ngan, FloriaFloriaDr. CHIO Hin-nganMak, Winnie W. S.Winnie W. S.MakYu, Ben C. L.Ben C. L.Yu2023-11-242023-11-242021Clinical Psychology Review, 2021, Vol. 85, article no. 101986.02727358http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/8722Although self-compassion has been extensively studied in the recent decades, the representation of self-compassion as a unitary measure or the presence of self-warmth (i.e., presence of the positive components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and self-coldness (i.e., presence of the negative components: self-judgment, isolation, and mindfulness) remains controversial. Moreover, the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion on mental well-being and psychological distress have not been systematically investigated. To synthesize the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion and to examine how people in different cultures may associate the positive and negative components of self-compassion differentially, the present meta-analysis synthesized 183 effect sizes across 27 cultures. Results showed that the negative components of self-compassion (rs = 0.44 to 0.45) showed greater effect sizes with psychological distress than the positive counterparts (rs = −0.17 to −0.29) whereas the positive components of SCS (rs = 0.29 to.39) showed greater effect sizes with mental well-being than the negative counterparts (rs = −0.29 to −0.36), with the exception of common humanity and isolation (r = 0.29 and − 0.36). Cultural orientation of dialecticism moderated the association between the positive and the negative components of self-compassion, with dialectical cultures showing lower associations between the two opposing components. Findings have implications on the design and implementation of self-compassion interventions cross-culturally.enPeer Reviewed Journal Article10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101986