黃成龍向華武陳健榮博士2026-06-262026-06-262025語言研究, 2025年, 第45卷, 第3期, 第152-161頁.1000-1263http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/27761龍山土家語基本否定詞為tha55和ta55，另有否定動詞thai35 (沒有) 和表情態的否定詞thi55(不能),它們都具備添加完成體標記-u 的形態變化.否定轄域受否定詞位置和語境制約,可以否定謂詞,小句或句子成分.雙重否定結構分錶肯定(如 NP-tha55-tha55,V-thi55-thai35)和表否定(如 V-tha55-thi55,NP-thi55-thi55)兩類,前者都具有強調作用,後者只有NP-thi55-thi55 和NP-thaiu35-thi55-ɕi55-V 結構有強調作用,其餘結構無強調功能.雙重否定表否定結構中否定詞的隱現受語意制約,與語序無關,這在漢藏語係等語言中較為罕見.龍山土家語語法具有復雜性,值得進一步研究.<br> The primary negative markers in Longshan(龙山) Tujia(土家) are tha55 and ta55. In addition, there is the existential negative verb thai35(“not have”) and the modal negative marker thi55(“cannot”); all of these can undergo morphological change by adding the perfective marker -u. The scope of negation is determined by the position of the negative marker and the context, and may apply to predicates, clauses, or other sentence constituents. Double negation structures are categorized into those that express affirmation (e.g., NP-tha55-tha55, V-thi55-thai35), which all serve an emphatic function, and those that express negation (e.g., V-tha55-thi55, NP-thi55- thi55), among which only the NP-thi55-thi55 and NP-thaiu35-thi55-ɕi55-V structures are emphatic, while the others are not. In double negation structures that express negation, the presence or absence of negative markers is governed by semantic factors rather than word order, a phenomenon that is rare among Sino-Tibetan and related languages. This reflects the grammatical complexity of Longshan(龙山) Tujia(土家) and highlights the need for further research.zh-CN土家語否定詞否定轄域雙重否定Tujia(土家) LanguageNegative WordsNegative ScopeDouble NegationPeer Reviewed Journal Article