吳志廉博士2025-07-242025-07-242024東華漢學, 2024, 第40期, 第157-230頁.1726-8265https://rc019.ndhu.edu.tw/var/file/56/1056/img/2548/463382816.pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/24052甲申三月十九日,崇禎之死標誌著大明王朝的崩裂,是重大的歷史事件.筆者蒐集到百多首有關三月十九日的詩作,並為之編年,屬於第一手文獻.這些作品承載怎樣的士人心態與政治寓意?有待我們抉發其文學史學及社會學的深刻義涵及宏觀圖景.本文結合歷史脈絡勾勒詩作突出的四個面向:士人在此祭日以簡樸儀式如慟哭獻飯招魂掃墓遙祭以悼念先帝,藉著佔用三月十九日此一公共事件的話語權,延續此一群體的集體記憶與正統意識,揭示其拒絕遺忘崇禎之死與家國之變的政治取態;士人在史與詩對於崇禎帝之評價不無差異,崇禎帝在詩作之重現得到許多同情與褒揚,文人倫常的忠義力量壓倒理性的批判力量,同時在重構的記憶中喚醒美好的前朝想像,使之符合回憶者當下的身分認同心理訴求;士人忌憚清廷的政治力量,在欲言又止近乎義利衝突的道德困境,其詩作採用古典今事並置的修辭策略諷喻新朝眷懷故國,以隱語代替肉身完成了道德使命,一般在小範圍的文士階層流傳,屬於精英記憶;這些遺老的政治抉擇背離時代潮流,但仍持守著遺民身分與歷史記憶,道盡世變滄桑後的絕望心境與堅韌意志,並將亙古通今的德性長留天地之間.<br> The death of Chong Zhen was a significant historical event that marked the disintegration of the Ming Dynasty on the March 19th lunar month in the year of Jia-Shen (25th April 1644 AD). More than a hundred poems about the lunar month of March 19 have been gathered and chronologized by the author, providing a first-hand primary source. What connotations these works are conveying? What kind of literati attitude and political implications are carried within? These remained to be clarified. The objective of this paper is to provide an overall awareness and documentary basis for subsequent research, outlining four aspects of these poems that stand out: On the memorial day, literati honoured the emperor with “simple rituals” such as wailing, offering rice as an oblation, spirit evocation, tomb sweeping, and worshiping distant ancestors. It reflects the “collective memory” and emotional resonance of the group, revealing the political stance of refusion to obliviate the death of Chong Zhen Emperor and subrogation in the country; The literati’s comments on Chong Zhen in history and poetry were vary, while Chong Zhen appeared to receive much sympathy and praise in his “reappearance” in poems. The literati's adherence to ethics suppressed the force of reason and reawakened fond memories of the previous dynasty; In order to evade the political force of the Qing government, the literati adopt a rhetorical strategy in poems, particularly the use of allusions as allegorical parables to the new dynasty and the nostalgia for the homeland. It is typically passed down among the literati stratum as a type of “elite's memory”; Although the political views of these long-standing adherents have deviated from the epoch, they continue to hold on to their identity and historical memory, which tells the story of despair and resilience after the vicissitudes of the world.zh三月十九日崇貞帝集體記憶悼念儀式拒絕遺忘19th MarchChong ZhenCollective MemoryMemorial RitualRefusion To ObliviatePeer Reviewed Journal Article