Lan, Jun BangJun BangLanWong, Chi-SumChi-SumWongMao, YinaYinaMaoDr. PENG Zhengmin, KellyKellyDr. PENG Zhengmin2023-11-302023-11-302020Journal of Management and Business Research. 2020, Vol. 37(3), pp. 187-200.25214306http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/8750Researchers usually assume the effect of dispositional variables on outcomes as stable over time. We disagree with this dominant assumption (i.e., Fixed Model) and argue that if dispositional variables lead to different extent of reactions between two time waves, it will have both indirect and direct effect on outcomes at time 2 (i.e., Continuous Model). It is still possible that dispositional variables may moderate the relationship between outcome variables over time (i.e., Interacting Model). Using the effect of four objective variables (i.e., gender, age, education, and tenure) and four abstract trait emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, depression, and disgust) on job satisfaction as examples, we illustrate that these three possibilities may exist, depending on the particular dispositional variable. © 2019 Journal of Management and Business Research. All rights reserved.<br> 管理研究常會牽涉員工的一些穩定特質,例如性別等生理特質,及性格等心理特質.穩定特質祇可以是原因,而不能是結果.研究人員一般都假設穩定特質對其他變量(例如工作滿足感)是固定不變的,我們稱這樣的影響為固定模型,這假設從未被質疑.我們認為在概念上,最少仍有兩個可能的型態:第一個是持續模型,即穩定特質會持續對其他變量產生影響,而影響的程度是會改變的;第二個是調節模型,即穩定特質在持續影響其他變量的同時,更會不斷調節其影響的程度.為了初步證明這兩個型態的存在,我們收集了215位員工的四個客觀特質,四個心理特質,及兩個時間點的工作滿足感數據,結果發現除了固定模型外,有些穩定特質和工作滿足感的關係是持續模型,有些則為調節模型.我們因此對後續研究和在建構及測試理論時的建議.enDispositional VariablesTrait EmotionsEmployee OutcomesJob Satisfaction特質變量情緒特質員工態度及行為工作滿足感Peer Reviewed Journal Article10.6504/JMBR.202009_37(3).0001