Yu, Ben C. L.Ben C. L.YuDr. CHIO Hin-ngan, FloriaFloriaDr. CHIO Hin-nganMak, Winnie W. S.Winnie W. S.MakCorrigan, Patrick W.Patrick W.CorriganChan, Kelly K. Y.Kelly K. Y.Chan2021-07-172021-07-172021Clinical Psychology Review, Jul. 2021, vol. 87, article no. 102029.0272-7358http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/6633This meta-analytic study synthesized findings from 108 independent data sets across 22 cultures to investigate whether the stigma internalization model (the internalization of experienced stigma and perceived stigma to self-stigma) is associated with well-being and recovery of people with mental illness. We also examined the moderating role of collectivism in the internalization process. Results of the meta-analytic structural equation modeling suggested that self-stigma is a significant mediator in the relationships between experienced stigma and perceived stigma with well-being and recovery variables (indirect effects = 0.02 to −0.16). Experienced and perceived stigma had significant direct effects on well-being and recovery variables (Bs = 0.07 to −0.21, p < 0.05), suggesting that both external (e.g., public stigma) and internal (i.e., self-stigma) influences of stigma work concurrently to affect recovery and well-being of people with mental illness. The results of the mixed effect three-level meta-analytic models showed that collectivism significantly moderated the relationship between experienced and perceived stigma with self-stigma (Bs = 0.06 to 0.11, p < 0.05). This implied that the more collectivistic a culture is, the stronger the correlation between experienced and perceived stigma with self-stigma. Implications to stigma reduction approaches were discussed.enPeople With Mental IllnessStigma Internalization ProcessPublic StigmaSelf-StigmaRecoveryWell-BeingPeer Reviewed Journal Article10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102029