Xiao, XizhuXizhuXiaoDr. LEE Ka Lai, DanielleDanielleDr. LEE Ka LaiWong, Rachel MinRachel MinWongBorah, PorismitaPorismitaBorah2026-01-162026-01-162021American Journal of Health Promotion, 2021, vol. 35(7), pp. 1002-1014.0890-11712168-6602http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/26489<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:</jats:title><jats:p> Numerous studies examined HPV vaccination promotional strategies. However, an overview of theory use, a synthesis of strategies’ effectiveness and an examination of the moderating influence of theory are absent. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source:</jats:title><jats:p> We retrieved studies from Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CMMC, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:</jats:title><jats:p> 1) peer-reviewed articles written in English, 2) experimental or quasi-experimental, 3) measure HPV vaccination-related outcomes, 4) had to contain a control condition and report statistics necessary for conversion (for meta-analysis only). </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Extraction:</jats:title><jats:p> 70 and 30 studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis respectively. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Synthesis:</jats:title><jats:p> Four major categories were coded: study information, theory use, type of theory, and outcomes. Two independent coders coded the sample (Cohen’s Kappa ranged from .8 to 1). </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> Most of the studies were based in the U.S. (77%, k = 54) with convenient samples (80%, k = 56), targeted toward females (46%, k = 32), and around a quarter did not employ any theories (47%, k = 33). Among theory-driven studies, the most commonly used were Framing (22%, k = 19), Health Belief Model (HBM; 13%, k = 12), and Narrative (7%, k = 6). Among controlled studies, promotional strategies were significantly more effective compared to the control (r+ = .25, p &lt; .001). Strategies guided by the information, motivation, behavioral skills model (IMB) were more effective (r+ = .75, p &lt; .001) than studies guided by framing theory (r+ = −.23, p &lt; .001), HBM (r+ = .01, p &lt; .001), and other theories (r+ = .11, p &lt; .001). </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title><jats:p> This review contributes to HPV vaccination promotion literature by offering a comprehensive overview of promotional strategies and practical suggestions for future research and practices. </jats:p></jats:sec>enHuman PapillomavirusSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisHPV Vaccine PromotionTheory UsePeer Reviewed Journal Article10.1177/08901171211012524