Tso, Shiu KitShiu KitTsoProf. FAN Ka LunZhang, YongdeYongdeZhangChan, Chun-ManChun-ManChan2025-08-262025-08-262002IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2002, vol. 17(2), pp. 84-87.1541-16721941-1294http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/24629Regardless of the transportation method or type of fuel - electricity or gasoline - future vehicles will still regularly need refueling. Automated refueling is not tightly related to guidance, but it will become important when automatic vehicles travel on our roads. In this article, the authors describe the status of automatic refueling systems and propose a robotic solution. Although refueling requires attention only once in a while during the complete vehicle life, automatic refueling involves other important aspects, such as safety, security and personnel reduction.enMotor ControlPublic TransportGasolineIntelligent Transportation SystemsTransport MethodProjects WorldwideVisual SystemFlow MeterEnd-EffectorOpen PositionSmart CardDistance SensorOutdoor UseGas TankOpen LocationFraunhofer InstitutePeer Reviewed Journal Article10.1109/MIS.2002.999225