鄭漫博士2026-08-312026-08-312026海南大學學報(社會科學版), 2026年.1004-1710http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11861/28576近現代西方歷史意識多以理性主義和進步論爲核心,形成以歐洲爲中心的歷史觀.自啓蒙時代起,西方思想家將歷史意識視爲區分文明與非文明的標誌,進而否定非西方文明的歷史價值.黑格爾將東方社會排除於“世界歷史”之外,蘭克的普遍歷史觀亦帶有類似偏見.而後彼得·伯克所提出的歷史意識標準,雖表面中立,實則仍以西方文明爲衡量尺度.中國傳統史學自古即重視史才,史學,史識與史德,體現出深厚的歷史意識傳統,具有完整的知識體系與實踐規範.在現代語境中,這種傳統不僅未被吸收,反而被歷史哲學話語邊緣化.西方歷史意識在其演化過程中逐步走向邏輯自大,虛無主義與文化霸權,反映出現代性危機的深層癥結.唯有在多元文明對話中重建歷史觀,方可突破西方中心主義的侷限,形成真正普遍的人類歷史意識.<br> Modern and contemporary historical consciousness in the West has largely been shaped by rationalism and the idea of progress, giving rise to a Eurocentric view of history. Since the Enlightenment, the Western thinkers have regarded historical consciousness as a marker distinguishing civilization from non-civilization, thereby denying the historical value of non-Western civilizations. Hegel excludes Eastern societies from the "world history", and Ranke's concept of universal history also reflects the similar bias. The criteria of historical consciousness proposed by Peter Burke, though seemingly neutral, actually continue to use Western civilization as the benchmark. Traditional Chinese historiography has long emphasized the historical talents or shicai, historical learning or shixue, historical insights or shishi, and historical virtue or shide, reflecting a deep-rooted tradition of historical consciousness and forming the complete knowledge system and practice standards. In modern discourse, this tradition, however, has not been absorbed, but has been marginalized by the philosophical discourse of history. Historical consciousness in the West, in its evolving course, has gradually moved towards logical arrogance, nihilism, and cultural hegemony, revealing the deep-seated roots in the crise of modernity. Only when the view of history is reestablished in the dialogue among the multiple civilizations can the limitations of Western centrism be broken through so as to form a truly universal historical consciousness of humanity.zh-CN歷史意識歷史書寫西方中心主義普遍歷史中國傳統史學Historical ConsciousnessHistorical WritingWestern CentrismUniversal HistoryRaditional Chinese HistoriographyPeer Reviewed Journal Article